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PACS
PACS is the Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme®. PACS numbers,
developed by the American Institute of Physics, have been used in Physical
Review since 1975 to identify fields and sub-fields of physics. (PACS codes
from the Acoustics Appendix are not included in some of the formats listed
below.)
- PACS Category 00: General
- PACS Category 10: The Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields
- PACS Category 20: Nuclear Physics
- PACS Category 30: Atomic and Molecular Physics
- PACS Category 40: Electromagnetism, Optics, Acoustics, Heat Transfer, Classical Mechanics, and Fluid Dynamics
- PACS Category 50: Physics of Gases, Plasmas, and Electric Discharges
- PACS Category 60: Condensed Matter: Structure, Mechanical and Thermal Properties
- PACS Category 70: Condensed Matter: Electronic Structure, Electrical, Magnetic, and Optical Properties
- PACS Category 80: Interdisciplinary Physics and Related Areas of Science and Technology
- PACS Category 90: Geophysics, Astronomy, and Astrophysics
- Appendix to 43: Acoustics
20. Nuclear Physics
- 21. Nuclear structure
- 21.10.-k Properties of nuclei; nuclear energy levels
- 21.10.Dr Binding energies and masses
- 21.10.Ft Charge distribution
- 21.10.Gv Mass and neutron distributions
- 21.10.Hw Spin, parity, and isobaric spin
- 21.10.Jx Spectroscopic factors
- 21.10.Ky Electromagnetic moments
- 21.10.Ma Level density
- 21.10.Pc Single-particle levels and strength functions
- 21.10.Re Collective levels
- 21.10.Sf Coulomb energies
- 21.10.Tg Lifetimes
- 21.30.-x Nuclear forces
- 21.30.Cb Nuclear forces in vacuum
- 21.30.Fe Forces in hadronic systems and effective interactions
- 21.45.+v Few-body systems
- 21.60.-n Nuclear structure models and methods
- 21.60.Cs Shell model
- 21.60.Ev Collective models
- 21.60.Fw Models based on group theory
- 21.60.Gx Cluster models
- 21.60.Jz Hartree-Fock and random-phase approximations
- 21.60.Ka Monte Carlo models
- 21.65.+f Nuclear matter
- 21.80.+a Hypernuclei
- 21.90.+f Other topics in nuclear structure (restricted to new topics in section 21)
- 23. Radioactive decay and in-beam spectroscopy
- 23.20.-g Electromagnetic transitions
- 23.20.En Angular distribution and correlation measurements
- 23.20.Gq Multipole mixing ratios
- 23.20.Js Multipole matrix elements
- 23.20.Lv gamma transitions and level energies
- 23.20.Nx Internal conversion and extranuclear effects
- 23.20.Ra Internal pair production
- 23.40.-s Beta decay; double beta decay; electron and muon capture
- 23.40.Bw Weak-interaction and lepton (including neutrino) aspects
- 23.40.Hc Relation with nuclear matrix elements and nuclear structure
- 23.50.+z Decay by proton emission
- 23.60.+e Alpha decay
- 23.70.+j Heavy-particle decay
- 23.90.+w Other topics in radioactive decay and in-beam spectroscopy (restricted to new topics in section 23)
- 24. Nuclear reactions: general
- 24.10.-i Nuclear reaction models and methods
- 24.10.Cn Many-body theory
- 24.10.Eq Coupled-channel and distorted-wave models
- 24.10.Ht Optical and diffraction models
- 24.10.Jv Relativistic models
- 24.10.Lx Monte Carlo simulations (including hadron and parton cascades and string breaking models)
- 24.10.Nz Hydrodynamic models
- 24.10.Pa Thermal and statistical models
- 24.30.-v Resonance reactions
- 24.30.Cz Giant resonances
- 24.30.Gd Other resonances
- 24.50.+g Direct reactions
- 24.60.-k Statistical theory and fluctuations
- 24.60.Dr Statistical compound-nucleus reactions
- 24.60.Gv Statistical multistep direct reactions
- 24.60.Ky Fluctuation phenomena
- 24.60.Lz Chaos in nuclear systems
- 24.70.+s Polarization phenomena in reactions
- 24.75.+i General properties of fission
- 24.80.+y Nuclear tests of fundamental interactions and symmetries
- 24.85.+p Quarks, gluons, and QCD in nuclei and nuclear processes
- 24.90.+d Other topics in nuclear reactions: general (restricted to new topics in section 24)
- 25. Nuclear reactions: specific reactions
- 25.10.+s Nuclear reactions involving few-nucleon systems
- 25.20.-x Photonuclear reactions
- 25.20.Dc Photon absorption and scattering
- 25.20.Lj Photoproduction reactions
- 25.30.-c Lepton-induced reactions
- 25.30.Bf Elastic electron scattering
- 25.30.Dh Inelastic electron scattering to specific states
- 25.30.Fj Inelastic electron scattering to continuum
- 25.30.Hm Positron scattering
- 25.30.Mr Muon scattering (including the EMC effect)
- 25.30.Pt Neutrino scattering
- 25.30.Rw Electroproduction reactions
- 25.40.-h Nucleon-induced reactions
- 25.40.Cm Elastic proton scattering
- 25.40.Dn Elastic neutron scattering
- 25.40.Ep Inelastic proton scattering
- 25.40.Fq Inelastic neutron scattering
- 25.40.Hs Transfer reactions
- 25.40.Kv Charge-exchange reactions
- 25.40.Lw Radiative capture
- 25.40.Ny Resonance reactions
- 25.40.Qa (p, pi) reactions
- 25.40.Sc Spallation reactions
- 25.40.Ve Other reactions above meson production thresholds (energies>400 MeV)
- 25.43.+t Antiproton-induced reactions
- 25.45.-z 2H-induced reactions
- 25.45.De Elastic and inelastic scattering
- 25.45.Hi Transfer reactions
- 25.45.Kk Charge-exchange reactions
- 25.55.-e 3H-, 3He-, and 4He-induced reactions
- 25.55.Ci Elastic and inelastic scattering
- 25.55.Hp Transfer reactions
- 25.55.Kr Charge-exchange reactions
- 25.60.-t Reactions induced by unstable nuclei
- 25.60.Bx Elastic scattering
- 25.60.Dz Interaction and reaction cross sections
- 25.60.Gc Breakup and momentum distributions
- 25.60.Je Transfer reactions
- 25.60.Lg Charge-exchange reactions
- 25.60.Pj Fusion reactions
- 25.70.-z Low and intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions
- 25.70.Bc Elastic and quasielastic scattering
- 25.70.De Coulomb excitation
- 25.70.Ef Resonances
- 25.70.Gh Compound nucleus
- 25.70.Hi Transfer reactions
- 25.70.Jj Fusion and fusion-fission reactions
- 25.70.Kk Charge-exchange reactions
- 25.70.Lm Strongly damped collisions
- 25.70.Mn Projectile and target fragmentation
- 25.70.Pq Multifragment emission and correlations
- 25.75.-q Relativistic heavy-ion collisions
- 25.75.Dw Particle and resonance production
- 25.75.Gz Particle correlations
- 25.75.Ld Collective flow
- 25.75.Nq Quark deconfinement, quark-gluon plasma production, and phase transitions
- 25.80.-e Meson- and hyperon-induced reactions
- 25.80.Dj Pion elastic scattering
- 25.80.Ek Pion inelastic scattering
- 25.80.Gn Pion charge-exchange reactions
- 25.80.Hp Pion-induced reactions
- 25.80.Ls Pion inclusive scattering and absorption
- 25.80.Nv Kaon-induced reactions
- 25.80.Pw Hyperon-induced reactions
- 25.85.-w Fission reactions
- 25.85.Ca Spontaneous fission
- 25.85.Ec Neutron-induced fission
- 25.85.Ge Charged-particle-induced fission
- 25.85.Jg Photofission
- 25.90.+k Other topics in nuclear reactions: specific reactions (restricted to new topics in section 25)
- 26. Nuclear astrophysics
- 26.20.+f Hydrostatic stellar nucleosynthesis
- 26.30.+k Nucleosynthesis in novae, supernovae and other explosive environments
- 26.35.+c Big Bang nucleosynthesis
- 26.40.+r Cosmic ray nucleosynthesis
- 26.50.+x Nuclear physics aspects of novae, supernovae, and other explosive environments
- 26.60.+c Nuclear matter aspects of neutron stars
- 26.65.+t Solar neutrinos
- 27. Properties of specific nuclei listed by mass ranges
- 27.10.+h A(less-than-or-equal-to)5
- 27.20.+n 6(less-than-or-equal-to)A(less-than-or-equal-to)19
- 27.30.+t 20(less-than-or-equal-to)A(less-than-or-equal-to)38
- 27.40.+z 39(less-than-or-equal-to)A(less-than-or-equal-to)58
- 27.50.+e 59(less-than-or-equal-to)A(less-than-or-equal-to)89
- 27.60.+j 90(less-than-or-equal-to)A(less-than-or-equal-to)149
- 27.70.+q 150(less-than-or-equal-to)A(less-than-or-equal-to)189
- 27.80.+w 190(less-than-or-equal-to)A(less-than-or-equal-to)219
- 27.90.+b 220(less-than-or-equal-to)A
- 28. Nuclear engineering and nuclear power studies
- 28.20.-v Neutron physics
- 28.20.Cz Neutron scattering
- 28.20.Fc Neutron absorption
- 28.20.Gd Neutron transport: diffusion and moderation
- 28.41.-i Fission reactors
- 28.41.Ak Theory, design, and computerized simulation
- 28.41.Bm Fuel elements, preparation, reloading, and reprocessing
- 28.41.Fr Reactor coolants, reactor cooling, and heat recovery
- 28.41.Kw Radioactive wastes, waste disposal
- 28.41.My Reactor control systems
- 28.41.Pa Moderators
- 28.41.Qb Structural and shielding materials
- 28.41.Rc Instrumentation
- 28.41.Te Protection systems, safety, radiation monitoring, accidents, and dismantling
- 28.50.-k Fission reactor types
- 28.50.Dr Research reactors
- 28.50.Ft Fast and breeder reactors
- 28.50.Hw Power and production reactors
- 28.50.Ky Propulsion reactors
- 28.50.Ma Auxiliary generators
- 28.52.-s Fusion reactors
- 28.52.Av Theory, design, and computerized simulation
- 28.52.Cx Fueling, heating and ignition
- 28.52.Fa Materials
- 28.52.Lf Components and instrumentation
- 28.52.Nh Safety
- 28.60.+s Isotope separation and enrichment
- 28.70.+y Nuclear explosions
- 28.90.+i Other topics in nuclear engineering and nuclear power studies (restricted to new topics in section 28)
- 29. Experimental methods and instrumentation for elementary-particle and nuclear physics
- 29.17.+w Electrostatic, collective, and linear accelerators
- 29.20.-c Cyclic accelerators and storage rings
- 29.20.Dh Storage rings
- 29.20.Fj Betatrons
- 29.20.Hm Cyclotrons
- 29.20.Lq Synchrotrons
- 29.25.-t Particle sources and targets
- 29.25.Bx Electron sources
- 29.25.Dz Neutron sources
- 29.25.Lg Ion sources: polarized
- 29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
- 29.25.Pj Polarized and other targets
- 29.25.Rm Sources of radioactive nuclei
- 29.27.-a Beams in particle accelerators
- 29.27.Ac Beam injection and extraction
- 29.27.Bd Beam dynamics; collective effects and instabilities
- 29.27.Eg Beam handling; beam transport
- 29.27.Fh Beam characteristics
- 29.27.Hj Polarized beams
- 29.30.-h Spectrometers and spectroscopic techniques
- 29.30.Aj Charged-particle spectrometers: electric and magnetic
- 29.30.Dn Electron spectroscopy
- 29.30.Ep Charged-particle spectroscopy
- 29.30.Hs Neutron spectroscopy
- 29.30.Kv X- and gamma-ray spectroscopy
- 29.30.Lw Nuclear orientation devices
- 29.40.-n Radiation detectors
- 29.40.Cs Gas-filled counters: ionization chambers, proportional, and avalanche counters
- 29.40.Gx Tracking and position-sensitive detectors
- 29.40.Ka Cherenkov detectors
- 29.40.Mc Scintillation detectors
- 29.40.Rg Nuclear emulsions
- 29.40.Vj Calorimeters
- 29.40.Wk Solid-state detectors
- 29.50.+v Computer interfaces
- 29.85.+c Computer data analysis
- 29.90.+r Other topics in elementary-particle and nuclear physics experimental methods and instrumentation (restricted to new topics in section 29)
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