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PACS
PACS is the Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme®. PACS numbers,
developed by the American Institute of Physics, have been used in Physical
Review since 1975 to identify fields and sub-fields of physics. (PACS codes
from the Acoustics Appendix are not included in some of the formats listed
below.)
- PACS Category 00: General
- PACS Category 10: The Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields
- PACS Category 20: Nuclear Physics
- PACS Category 30: Atomic and Molecular Physics
- PACS Category 40: Electromagnetism, Optics, Acoustics, Heat Transfer, Classical Mechanics, and Fluid Dynamics
- PACS Category 50: Physics of Gases, Plasmas, and Electric Discharges
- PACS Category 60: Condensed Matter: Structure, Mechanical and Thermal Properties
- PACS Category 70: Condensed Matter: Electronic Structure, Electrical, Magnetic, and Optical Properties
- PACS Category 80: Interdisciplinary Physics and Related Areas of Science and Technology
- PACS Category 90: Geophysics, Astronomy, and Astrophysics
- Appendix to 43: Acoustics
30. Atomic and Molecular Physics
- 31. Electronic structure of atoms and molecules: theory
- 31.10.+z Theory of electronic structure, electronic transitions, and chemical binding
- 31.15.-p Calculations and mathematical techniques in atomic and molecular physics (excluding electron correlation calculations)
- 31.15.Ar Ab initio calculations
- 31.15.Bs Statistical model calculations (including Thomas-Fermi and Thomas-Fermi-Dirac models)
- 31.15.Ct Semi-empirical and empirical calculations (differential overlap, Hьckel, PPP methods, etc.)
- 31.15.Dv Coupled-cluster theory
- 31.15.Ew Density-functional theory
- 31.15.Fx Finite-difference schemes
- 31.15.Gy Semiclassical methods
- 31.15.Hz Group theory
- 31.15.Ja Hyperspherical methods
- 31.15.Kb Path-integral methods
- 31.15.Lc Quasiparticle methods
- 31.15.Md Perturbation theory
- 31.15.Ne Self-consistent-field methods
- 31.15.Pf Variational techniques
- 31.15.Qg Molecular dynamics and other numerical methods
- 31.15.Rh Valence bond calculations
- 31.25.-v Electron correlation calculations for atoms and molecules
- 31.25.Eb Electron correlation calculations for atoms and ions: ground state
- 31.25.Jf Electron correlation calculations for atoms and ions: excited states
- 31.25.Nj Electron correlation calculations for diatomic molecules
- 31.25.Qm Electron correlation calculations for polyatomic molecules
- 31.30.-i Corrections to electronic structure
- 31.30.Gs Hyperfine interactions and isotope effects, Jahn-Teller effect
- 31.30.Jv Relativistic and quantum electrodynamic effects in atoms and molecules
- 31.50.-x Potential energy surfaces
- 31.50.Bc Potential energy surfaces for ground electronic states
- 31.50.Df Potential energy surfaces for excited electronic states
- 31.50.Gh Surface crossings, non-adiabatic couplings
- 31.70.-f Effects of atomic and molecular interactions on electronic structure
- 31.70.Dk Environmental and solvent effects
- 31.70.Hq Time-dependent phenomena: excitation and relaxation processes, and reaction rates
- 31.70.Ks Molecular solids
- 31.90.+s Other topics in the theory of the electronic structure of atoms and molecules (restricted to new topics in section 31)
- 32. Atomic properties and interactions with photons
- 32.10.-f Properties of atoms
- 32.10.Bi Atomic masses, mass spectra, abundances, and isotopes
- 32.10.Dk Electric and magnetic moments, polarizability
- 32.10.Fn Fine and hyperfine structure
- 32.10.Hq Ionization potentials, electron affinities
- 32.30.-r Atomic spectra
- 32.30.Bv Radio-frequency, microwave, and infrared spectra
- 32.30.Dx Magnetic resonance spectra
- 32.30.Jc Visible and ultraviolet spectra
- 32.30.Rj X-ray spectra
- 32.50.+d Fluorescence, phosphorescence (including quenching)
- 32.60.+i Zeeman and Stark effects
- 32.70.-n Intensities and shapes of atomic spectral lines
- 32.70.Cs Oscillator strengths, lifetimes, transition moments
- 32.70.Fw Absolute and relative intensities
- 32.70.Jz Line shapes, widths, and shifts
- 32.80.-t Photon interactions with atoms
- 32.80.Bx Level crossing and optical pumping
- 32.80.Cy Atomic scattering, cross sections, and form factors; Compton scattering
- 32.80.Dz Autoionization
- 32.80.Fb Photoionization of atoms and ions
- 32.80.Gc Photodetachment of atomic negative ions
- 32.80.Hd Auger effect and inner-shell excitation or ionization
- 32.80.Lg Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, and ions
- 32.80.Pj Optical cooling of atoms; trapping
- 32.80.Qk Coherent control of atomic interactions with photons
- 32.80.Rm Multiphoton ionization and excitation to highly excited states (e.g., Rydberg states)
- 32.80.Wr Other multiphoton processes
- 32.80.Ys Weak-interaction effects in atoms
- 32.90.+a Other topics in atomic properties and interactions of atoms with photons (restricted to new topics in section 32)
- 33. Molecular properties and interactions with photons
- 33.15.-e Properties of molecules
- 33.15.Bh General molecular conformation and symmetry; stereochemistry
- 33.15.Dj Interatomic distances and angles
- 33.15.Fm Bond strengths, dissociation energies
- 33.15.Hp Barrier heights (internal rotation, inversion, rotational isomerism, conformational dynamics)
- 33.15.Kr Electric and magnetic moments (and derivatives), polarizability, and magnetic susceptibility
- 33.15.Mt Rotation, vibration, and vibration-rotation constants
- 33.15.Pw Fine and hyperfine structure
- 33.15.Ry Ionization potentials, electron affinities, molecular core binding energy
- 33.15.Ta Mass spectra
- 33.15.Vb Correlation times in molecular dynamics
- 33.20.-t Molecular spectra
- 33.20.Bx Radio-frequency and microwave spectra
- 33.20.Ea Infrared spectra
- 33.20.Fb Raman and Rayleigh spectra (including optical scattering)
- 33.20.Kf Visible spectra
- 33.20.Lg Ultraviolet spectra
- 33.20.Ni Vacuum ultraviolet spectra
- 33.20.Rm X-ray spectra
- 33.20.Sn Rotational analysis
- 33.20.Tp Vibrational analysis
- 33.20.Vq Vibration-rotation analysis
- 33.20.Wr Vibronic, rovibronic, and rotation-electron-spin interactions
- 33.25.+k Nuclear resonance and relaxation
- 33.35.+r Electron resonance and relaxation
- 33.40.+f Multiple resonances (including double and higher-order resonance processes, such as double nuclear magnetic resonance, electron double resonance, and microwave optical double resonance)
- 33.45.+x Mцssbauer spectra
- 33.50.-j Fluorescence and phosphorescence; radiationless transitions, quenching (intersystem crossing, internal conversion)
- 33.50.Dq Fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra
- 33.50.Hv Radiationless transitions, quenching
- 33.55.-b Optical activity and dichroism; magnetooptical and electrooptical spectra
- 33.55.Ad Optical activity, optical rotation; circular dichroism
- 33.55.Be Zeeman and Stark effects
- 33.55.Fi Other magnetooptical and electrooptical effects
- 33.60.-q Photoelectron spectra
- 33.60.Cv Ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet photoelectron spectra
- 33.60.Fy X-ray photoelectron spectra
- 33.70.-w Intensities and shapes of molecular spectral lines and bands
- 33.70.Ca Oscillator and band strengths, lifetimes, transition moments, and Franck-Condon factors
- 33.70.Fd Absolute and relative line and band intensities
- 33.70.Jg Line and band widths, shapes, and shifts
- 33.80.-b Photon interactions with molecules
- 33.80.Be Level crossing and optical pumping
- 33.80.Eh Autoionization, photoionization, and photodetachment
- 33.80.Gj Diffuse spectra; predissociation, photodissociation
- 33.80.Ps Optical cooling of molecules; trapping
- 33.80.Rv Multiphoton ionization and excitation to highly excited states (e.g., Rydberg states)
- 33.80.Wz Other multiphoton processes
- 33.90.+h Other topics in molecular properties and interactions with photons (restricted to new topics in section 33)
- 34. Atomic and molecular collision processes and interactions
- 34.10.+x General theories and models of atomic and molecular collisions and interactions (including statistical theories, transition state, stochastic and trajectory models, etc.)
- 34.20.-b Interatomic and intermolecular potentials and forces, potential energy surfaces for collisions
- 34.20.Cf Interatomic potentials and forces
- 34.20.Gj Intermolecular and atom-molecule potentials and forces
- 34.20.Mq Potential energy surfaces for collisions
- 34.30.+h Intramolecular energy transfer; intramolecular dynamics; dynamics of van der Waals molecules
- 34.50.-s Scattering of atoms and molecules
- 34.50.Bw Energy loss and stopping power
- 34.50.Dy Interactions of atoms and molecules with surfaces; photon and electron emission; neutralization of ions
- 34.50.Ez Rotational and vibrational energy transfer
- 34.50.Fa Electronic excitation and ionization of atoms (including beam-foil excitation and ionization)
- 34.50.Gb Electronic excitation and ionization of molecules; intermediate molecular states (including lifetimes, state mixing, etc.)
- 34.50.Lf Chemical reactions, energy disposal, and angular distribution, as studied by atomic and molecular beams
- 34.50.Pi State-to-state scattering analyses
- 34.50.Rk Laser-modified scattering and reactions
- 34.60.+z Scattering in highly excited states (e.g., Rydberg states)
- 34.70.+e Charge transfer
- 34.80.-i Electron scattering
- 34.80.Bm Elastic scattering of electrons by atoms and molecules
- 34.80.Dp Atomic excitation and ionization by electron impact
- 34.80.Gs Molecular excitation and ionization by electron impact
- 34.80.Ht Dissociation and dissociative attachment by electron impact
- 34.80.Kw Electron-ion scattering; excitation and ionization
- 34.80.Lx Electron-ion recombination and electron attachment
- 34.80.My Fundamental electron inelastic processes in weakly ionized gases
- 34.80.Nz Spin dependence of cross sections; polarized electron beam experiments
- 34.80.Pa Coherence and correlation in electron scattering
- 34.80.Qb Laser-modified scattering
- 34.85.+x Positron scattering
- 34.90.+q Other topics in atomic and molecular collision processes and interactions (restricted to new topics in section 34)
- 36. Exotic atoms and molecules; macromolecules; clusters
- 36.10.-k Exotic atoms and molecules (containing mesons, muons, and other unusual particles)
- 36.10.Dr Positronium, muonium, muonic atoms and molecules
- 36.10.Gv Mesonic atoms and molecules, hyperonic atoms and molecules
- 36.20.-r Macromolecules and polymer molecules
- 36.20.Cw Molecular weights, dispersity
- 36.20.Ey Conformation (statistics and dynamics)
- 36.20.Fz Constitution (chains and sequences)
- 36.20.Hb Configuration (bonds, dimensions)
- 36.20.Kd Electronic structure and spectra
- 36.20.Ng Vibrational and rotational structure, infrared and Raman spectra
- 36.40.-c Atomic and molecular clusters
- 36.40.Cg Electronic and magnetic properties of clusters
- 36.40.Ei Phase transitions in clusters
- 36.40.Gk Plasma and collective effects in clusters
- 36.40.Jn Reactivity of clusters
- 36.40.Mr Spectroscopy and geometrical structure of clusters
- 36.40.Qv Stability and fragmentation of clusters
- 36.40.Sx Diffusion and dynamics of clusters
- 36.40.Vz Optical properties of clusters
- 36.40.Wa Charged clusters
- 36.90.+f Other exotic atoms and molecules; macromolecules; clusters (restricted to new topics in section 36)
- 39. Instrumentation and techniques for atomic and molecular physics
- 39.10.+j Atomic and molecular beam sources and techniques
- 39.20.+q Atom interferometry techniques
- 39.25.+k Atom manipulation (scanning probe microscopy, laser cooling, etc.)
- 39.30.+w Spectroscopic techniques
- 39.90.+d Other instrumentation and techniques for atomic and molecular physics (restricted to new topics in section 39)
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